AFRICANEWS-Kenya Election Watch

 

A monthly publication of AFRICANEWS

 

For the period covering November 15-December 15, 2002

Previous issue

 

 

Contents

 

Part I: Analysis

1. Giants fall in controversial nominations

2. Provincial administration: Opposition’s main threat

3. KANU bid flops in Western Province

 

 

Part II: Events

1. Glossary of Terms

2. Chronology

 

 

Part I: Analysis

 

1. Giants fall in controversial nominations

 

By Zachary Ochieng

 

Confusion, chaos, and blatant malpractices committed by both the ruling party KANU and the opposition marred the recently concluded party primaries.

 

In most instances, leaders of respective parties could not agree on what method to use to nominate their candidates. While KANU chose the queue voting system, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) relied on the secret ballot, but curiously used the queue voting method in some areas.

 

Undemocratic practices used in the process almost tore the parties apart. Tony Gachoka, who lost the KANU nominations in Central Province’s Juja constituency and subsequently decamped to Safina, claims that candidates who were imposed on the electorate are definitely going to lose during the general election. There were violent protests in various party headquarters, as losers and their supporters went to complain of irregularities.

 

NARC communications committee chairman Dr Mukisa Kituyi admits that the exercise was flawed: “We were overwhelmed by logistics. Our party was not yet mature for nominations of that magnitude. I think the Electoral Commission should handle party nominations in future.”

 

In some constituencies, violence and protests marred the nomination exercise. For instance, in the Westlands constituency of Nairobi, supporters of the immediate former MP Fred Gumo attacked those of Betty Tett, seriously injuring them. They also beat up poll officials and took away ballot papers, leading to a cancellation of the exercise.

 

Both Gumo and Tett were fighting for the NARC ticket. But in a surprise turn of events, NARC leaders pressured Tett to step down for Gumo, promising to nominate her to Parliament should the party form the next government.

 

The controversial nominations saw an unprecedented exit in large numbers of incumbent MPs. Some MPs who did not make it past the primaries alleged that they were simply rigged out to give way to the various party leaders’ wishes. The anomalies took place in both KANU and opposition parties.

 

Yvonne Khamati, who sought NARC’s nomination for Nairobi’s Makadara constituency, did not have kind words for the party after losing. “Moody Awori, a member of NARC’s summit, already had certificates for his preferred candidates even before elections were conducted. These nominations are a sham.”

 

While losers in KANU crossed over to the opposition, those from NARC and other opposition parties sought nominations from Safina, Ford People, and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The most dramatic case was that of Minister of the Environment Isaac Ruto. Ruto, a hardened opposition critic, defected to NARC after losing the party ticket to John Koech, a former area MP.

 

Prominent people in the opposition who lost their seats include outspoken MP Oloo Aringo (Alego/Usonga), Oloo Otula (Kasipul Kabondo), Matere Keriri (Kerugoya-Kutus), and Lawrence Sifuna (Bumula). Among the key defectors who lost are former Army Commander Lt. General Augustine Cheruiyot and President Moi’s brother-in-law Kiptum Choge, who lost in Emgwen and Aldai constituencies respectively in Nandi District.

 

Another loser was Mwangi Githiomi (Kipipiri) who was appointed minister only a month ago after defecting to KANU from NARC. In KANU, key losers included Water Development Minister Kipngeno arap Ngeny, who lost to Mark Too in Ainamoi, President Moi’s son Jonathan Toroitich, who lost to Timothy Sirma in Eldama Ravine, and the maverick Kihika Kimani, who lost in Molo.

 

That candidates were rejected within both KANU and the opposition is an indication that voters now judge the leaders’ performance. The reasons for voter disenchantment range from the candidates’ personality flaws to their failure to initiate development projects at the constituency level.

 

Analysts, for instance, argue that voters never fully accepted Ngeny, arguing that President Moi imposed Ngeny on them. Ngeny is also accused of looting the former Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation when he was managing director, an allegation that landed him in court.

 

Toroitich is said to have lost because he was contesting without the blessings of his father, who preferred Co-operative Bank of Kenya chairman Hosea Kiplagat. Toroitich’s case was made worse when he campaigned on a platform of family values, citing cases of children who suffer after their parents are divorced. President Moi divorced his wife in 1975 when Toroitich was a teenager and has never remarried.

 

In Alego/Usonga constituency in Nyanza Province, the fiery legislator Aringo was shut out because of being a “Nairobi” man who dwells on national issues at the expense of his constituents. “Even the road right in front of his gate becomes impassable when it rains. He has been in parliament for 30 years but has done nothing to help us,” observes George Oloo, a city trader who hails from Aringo’s constituency.

 

Aringo was instrumental in making Parliament autonomous from the Executive. His efforts led to the establishment of the Parliamentary Service Commission, which oversees the activities of Parliament.

 

Minister of Rural Development Cyrus Jirongo says of the fallen giants: “Some us are giants as created by the media. But when you go to the ground, the record of service delivery to your people tells a totally different story.” Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Secretary General Joseph Kamotho concurs: “It is evident that those who have lost the nominations have not been doing enough in their constituencies.”

 

There were also cases of party leaders directly nominating unpopular candidates, even after they were defeated in the nominations. These include Njenga Karume, who was defeated by Stanley Githunguri in Kiambaa, and Stephen Ndicho, who was imposed in Juja after being beaten by William Gathogo. Says Jirongo: “Sometimes in politics, you have to sit down and agree. If one of you is stronger, one must agree to support the other.”

 

NARC, for instance, justified the direct nominations of those who were instrumental in starting up the party. Said NARC Elections Board chairman Wanjala Welime: “The party had agreed in advance that certain leaders be exempted from primaries.” These include Kalonzo Musyoka (Mwingi North), David Musila (Mwingi South), George Saitoti (Kajiado North), and Raila Odinga (Langata), among others.

 

Odinga, a member of the party’s supreme decision making organ called the NARC Summit, says that the summit agreed to exempt certain individuals from “unnecessary primaries” since they were busy co-coordinating nominations from Nairobi and were unable to visit their constituencies. However, certain candidates who were exempted decided to go and face the electorate all the same. They included Kamotho and Musyoka, who won in Mathioya and Mwingi North respectively.

 

What beats reason, however, is the fact that the NARC summit conducted nominations even in areas where it had given direct nominations to certain candidates. This, in turn, resulted in two or more nomination certificates being issued in one area, a dramatic move that led to confusion at the Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK). But Odinga argues that the summit did not approve of such nominations and were therefore a sham.

 

Although mired in controversy, the nominations are also a clear indication that KANU’s stranglehold on Kenyan politics will soon be a thing of the past. Only one KANU candidate has gone in unopposed, as compared 10 MPs in the 1997 elections. KANU’s lucky candidate is Gideon Moi, President Moi’s youngest son, who is going to inherit his father’s Baringo Central seat in Rift Valley Province, which the senior Moi has occupied for the last 47 years.

 

The ECK gazetted his election early in December, since those who had stood on other tickets had withdrawn from the race. They include Thomas Letangule (FORD-People), Isaiah Cherutich (NARC), and Amon Kandie (SDP).

 

This year’s election has also attracted the participation of more political parties, unlike in 1997 when only 18 parties took part. Out of the 40-odd registered political parties in the country, 38 have fielded candidates for the December 27 election. It is noteworthy that even the so-called fringe parties have this time around fielded more than 10 candidates each.

 

KANU leads the pack, having fielded 209 candidates out of a possible 210, followed by NARC with 206, and FORD-People 186. James Orengo’s SDP has 96 aspirants, while Safina has 59.

 

Regrettably, however, women were not given equal chances with their male counterparts at the nominations. Only 44 of the 1,037 candidates who contested the primaries were women. According to the International Federation of Women Lawyers-Kenya (FIDA) Executive Director Martha Koome, the percentage of women candidates fell by half from the 1997 figure. Koome blames the queue voting method used by most parties, which made men ashamed to queue behind women candidates.

 

NARC leads with 12 nominated women, FORD-people 7, FORD-Asili, four, and Safina, three. The governing party KANU cleared only two women to run for elections. Twenty -three parties participating at the elections have no women candidates.

ENDS

 

2. Provincial administration: Opposition’s main threat

 

By Zachary Ochieng

 

Opposition candidates are afraid that the ruling party KANU might use state machinery to rig the elections. Political pundits argue that opposition parties need to move very fast to curtail the heavily politicised role of the provincial administration during electioneering, if the parties are to achieve meaningful results.

 

The provincial administration – a relic of the colonial legacy – could still tilt the outcome of the elections in favour of KANU, given their partisan role. Besides the relentless perception by the opposition that KANU used the provincial administration to rig presidential elections in 1992 and 1997, various post-election reports prepared by election observers and civil society organisations indicate that the provincial administration facilitated KANU’s victory.

 

One such report, “Kenya: a flawed election process,” prepared in 1993 by the National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK), states that the actions of the administration – from Provincial Commissioners (PCs) to District Commissioners (DCs), Divisional Officers (DOs), and chiefs – accounted for at least 50 percent of KANU’s victory in both of these elections.

 

This occurred through the orchestrated harassment and intimidation of opposition candidates and their supporters, the distribution of food and money on behalf of KANU during electioneering, and the deployment of police and other security forces to disrupt opposition meetings and keenly monitor opposition politicians’ movements. The administration is also known to withhold prospective voters’ identity cards in opposition zones.

 

That the provincial administration is still at it was demonstrated on November 30 when National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki and his entourage were barred from entering a government facility in Garissa – the headquarters of North Eastern Province – where they had intended to have breakfast.

 

The management of the Garissa Government Guest House hastily closed the facility down when the entourage and supporters drove into the compound in a convoy of more than 20 vehicles. Management officials later said that the opposition chiefs did not inform them of their intended visit in advance.

 

Said a furious Kibaki: “This is a very flimsy excuse. We do not need permission to patronise this place. The provincial administration is trying to frustrate us.” Police also impounded several vehicles that were to ferry supporters to various campaign venues.

 

And only one day later, Kibaki and his team were in for a rude shock when military personnel barred their welcoming party from accessing North Eastern Province’s Mandera airstrip. The entourage had to walk for hundreds of metres to reach transport outside the Mandera Kenya Army compound.

 

Kibaki’s tribulation mirrors a similar scenario in 1992, when the late doyen of Kenya’s opposition politics Jaramogi Oginga Odinga was almost involved in a fatal plane crash after the provincial administration ordered the Mandera airstrip to be barricaded.

 

The unpalatable behaviour of the provincial administration has led to attempts to have it abolished, without success. In March 2002, the opposition sponsored a private members’ motion in Parliament that sought to have the provincial administration officers elected directly as a means of clipping their immense power. KANU, owing to its majority strength in the House, defeated the motion.

 

While tabling the motion, former Kasarani legislator Adolf Muchiri (DP), who has since moved to KANU, argued: “The provincial administration is a colonial relic that does not operate under any specific law, since the officers are presidential appointees.” But Julius Sunkuli, the Office of the President minister in charge of the provincial administration argued: “The provincial administration has served the country so well, and there is nowhere in the world where civil servants are elected by the public.”

 

Miriam Kahiga, a programme officer at the Centre for Governance and Development, doubts whether the provincial administration can show any impartiality: “The provincial administration officers, being appointees of the executive, cannot shake off the temptation to be partisan in a political environment where the appointing authority has vested interests,” she observes.

 

Before the Inter-Parties Parliamentary Group (IPPG) took away from the provincial administration the power to issue campaign licences, many administrators would deny opposition politicians such licences, while favouring KANU in the spirit of “serving the government of the day.”

 

Currently, only the local police have to be notified before a political rally is held. However, by dispersing rallies convened by opposition politicians, the police have shown their partiality. In early December, FORD-People presidential candidate Simeon Nyachae was forced to cancel a campaign rally in the eastern town of Kangundo after police claimed that his rally was not licensed, despite an earlier notification to the police by his agents.

 

That provincial administration officers are partisan is clearly seen when they attend KANU official functions dressed in full uniform, contrary to the civil service code that requires them to be impartial. This happened as recently as early September in the Rift Valley town of Nakuru, where President Moi had organised a campaign rally for KANU presidential candidate Uhuru Kenyatta. The rally, attended by 20 cabinet ministers and 66 Members of Parliament, also saw the attendance of several provincial administration officers.

 

The major rot in the provincial administration was, however, brought to the fore by the Akiwumi report on the tribal clashes of 1992 and 1997. The damning report states that in the advent to multiparty elections in 1991, the provincial administration – which had been politicised over the years – were averse to any remarks made against KANU and did not sympathise with those associated with the opposition.

 

The report cites the case of two successive DCs in the Rift Valley District of Kericho – Timothy Sirma (now vying for a parliamentary seat in Eldama Ravine) and Nicholas Mberia – who evicted Luos from their land in Kericho, merely because they were FORD-Kenya supporters (See Africanews’ Kenya Election Watch, November issue).

 

Kenyans in general seem to be fed up with the provincial administration, if recommendations in the draft constitution are anything to go by. The draft document recommends that the provincial administration be abolished and power instead be to the village, locational, divisional, district, and provincial governments, with office holders being elected by the public. NARC has also vowed to disband the outfit should it form the next government.

 

In addition to the provincial administration, another state organ that KANU is abusing is the publicly funded Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC). Despite a 1997 IPPG agreement that compelled the broadcaster to give equal coverage to both KANU and opposition activities, the corporation’s bosses continue to give more coverage to KANU. Warnings from the Electoral Commission of Kenya, including threats of court action, have gone unheeded.

 

For instance, in a recent 30-minute TV news bulletin, the KBC devoted 25 minutes of airtime to Kenyatta’s campaign and only five minutes to those of opposition presidential candidates. In most cases, opposition candidates are given a total blackout or muted.

 

KBC TV aired a live telecast of KANU’s Nakuru rally, which lasted more than two hours. However, when Kenyatta and Kibaki were handing in their nomination papers to the Electoral Commission at Nairobi’s County Hall on November 18, KBC TV, which was initially scheduled to provide live coverage to both the candidates, only did so for Kenyatta, who was the first to hand in his papers. When it was Kibaki’s turn to hand in his papers, the broadcaster switched to regular programming.

 

Such are the fears that continue to dog the opposition as the December 27 date approaches.

ENDS

 

 

3. KANU bid flops in Western Province

 

By Eric Maino

  

Kenya is a beehive of activity as politicians frantically attempt to convince voters to elect them into Parliament. As the December 27 election draws near, well-calculated slogans and promises from politicians vying to outdo each other reverberate across the country.

 

The ruling party KANU in particular is experiencing sleepless nights. It seems as if the mega-opposition party NARC is stealing the limelight as it enjoys increasing admiration from voters.

 

Of particular concern to KANU is what appears to be President Daniel arap Moi’s botched bid to woo Luhya votes from Western Province through the recent appointment of Transport and Communication Minister Musalia Mudavadi as the country’s vice president.

 

The 42-year-old Mudavadi is a former finance minister and one of KANU’s four vice chairmen. Hailing from the province, analysts considered his promotion as a way to bring back on board the community’s votes, which were leaking to the opposition.

 

But if what is happening politically in the province continues, then the master plan of Mudavadi being the bait to capture the Luhya vote is a flop.

 

Hostilities and rejection continue to greet Mudavadi on the campaign trail. During his tour of the province immediately after being appointed vice president, locals flashed Mudavadi two-fingered salutes (the symbol of NARC) as they chanted Rainbow slogans. In fact, there was violence everywhere as voters disrupted his meetings. The vice president was forced to cut short his tour of the province.

 

Following this experience, the VP has not been able to campaign outside of his Sabatia constituency for fear of being attacked. Indeed, even back at home, Mudavadi bears the brunt of his extended family rivalries: his stepbrother is vigorously campaigning against him.

 

In the past, KANU had enjoyed tangible support in Western Province, garnering almost half of the votes in the last general election. Today, with 1.2 million registered voters, both the opposition and KANU are eying the province keenly. KANU can no longer be assured of widespread support.

 

The leading opposition politician from the province is Kijana Wamalwa, chairman of Ford Kenya and now a running mate of Mwai Kibaki, NARC’s presidential candidate. Wamalwa vied for the presidency in 1997 and emerged with 17 Members of Parliament. His political stake in the province got a major boost when he was declared NARC’s VP designate.

 

With Kibaki’s promise to be in office for only one term, the community views it a better chance for one of their own to ascend to the presidency. Wamalwa commands substantial support in Bungoma, Kakamega, and some parts of Butere, Mt. Elgon, and now Vihiga district.

 

Another leading light in NARC is Moody Awori, a former assistant education minister who resigned to join NARC. Awori is calling the shots in Busia and Teso districts, virtually leaving no room for KANU to breathe.

 

Complicating the matter further is the support that the party receives from all nomination losers, who cite KANU as a common enemy to be rid off. The withdrawal of Ford Asili Secretary General Martin Shikuku from the presidential race to support Kibaki has added weight to the party. Shikuku is a veteran politician among the country’s original crusaders of political change in the early 1990s.

 

Mudavadi is therefore faced with the daunting task of convincing voters – who badly want change in leadership – to support KANU in the election. While, previously, the Luhya vote could be purchased with cash and a packet of salt, this time around, the trick might not work. The slogan is in the air: “Kula Kwa KANU, Kura Kwa NARC, [eat in KANU and vote NARC].

 

For the 13 years Mudavadi was in Cabinet, he rarely toured the province. “He was only confined into his Sabatia constituency and disregarded other parts,” observes Wamalwa. “These are not qualities of a good leader, and maybe, he, [Mudavadi] forgot that politics is meeting people and talking to them, not living in ivory towers.”

 

Opinion leaders and locals claim that they only know Mudavadi from the media. Mudavadi’s lack of interest in the province coupled by a high ego did a great disservice to him, voters and observers say.

 

“Another absurd mistake the minister made was to attack Wamalwa – disqualifying the NARC leader in public was itself misplaced and unfounded,” notes Joash Wafula a voter from Bungoma District. “While Wamalwa has a political block, has ambitions of being a president, has actually made attempts, the VP has not. It is therefore wrong and old fashioned to attack a person (rather) than issues.”

 

Wafula says that voters lost confidence in Mudavadi following his decision to withdraw from the presidential race without consulting the voters. Mudavadi first indicated his interest in running for the presidency when the Rainbow Coalition was formed as a KANU splinter group. However, he later pulled out to support Uhuru Kenyatta, President Moi’s choice of successor, which made many in the province angry.

 

“It would therefore require the skill of a seasoned public relation artist to remedy the damage,” Wafula concludes.

 

Western Province is one of the poorest regions in the country today. Poverty levels are high and infrastructure is poor, with most of the roads being completely impassable. While previously many people from the province were well educated, few could get employment in the public sector because of nepotism and tribalism. 

 

While locals relied on maize, sugar, and cotton farming as their sources of income, bad government policies have caused the sectors to collapse. Unchecked, massive importation of sugar threatened to close down the Mumias sugar factory, a major source of income in the province. 

 

This explains why there was a fracas in Kakamega town when President Moi and Uhuru visited the heart of the province in early October. Mudavadi was jeered, booed, and heckled in the presence of Kenyatta and President Moi.

ENDS

 

 

Part II: Events

 

1. Glossary of Terms

 

All throughout the chronology and updates are sprinkled acronyms referring to various committees, commissions, political movements, etc. Here, we spell out these acronyms and provide some brief background information.

 

NARC = National Rainbow Coalition, came to being in October. It brings together NAK, Safina and the Liberal Democratic Party of Kenya. Its presidential candidate is the boss of the Democratic Party (DP), Mwai Kibaki, who was also NAK’s torchbearer.

 

CKRC = Constitution of Kenya Review Commission. Chaired by Prof. Yash Pal Ghai, the 27-member group collects the views of a wide cross-section of Kenyan groups and individuals. The commission is supposed to present Kenyans with a new constitution on October 4.

 

PSCCR = Parliamentary Select Committee on Constitutional Review. Chaired by Raila Odinga, Minister of Energy, the committee monitors the work of the Constitution of Kenya Review Commission (CKRC).

 

KANU = Kenya African National Union, the party that has ruled Kenya since independence in1963. Daniel arap Moi is the president of Kenya. Presidential candidate is Uhuru Kenyatta.

 

NAK = the National Alliance (Party) of Kenya. It merged with dissident KANU members grouped under the Liberal Democratic Party of Kenya in October to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC).

 

KPC = Kenya People's Coalition. This is a grouping of FORD-People, the Labour Party of Kenya, and the National Convention Executive Council (NCEC). Presidential candidate is Simeon Nyachae, Ford-People leader, a former finance minister.

 

MPs = Members of Parliament. Currently, the House contains a total of 224 MPs (including two ex-officio members)

 

 

2. Chronology

November 16 – Mr Raila Odinga yesterday claimed that President Moi sent him emissaries with the message that he would be appointed Vice-President if he abandoned NARC. But in a rejoinder, the president denied the claims, saying that Raila was lying.

 

The European union will spend over Ksh 120 million in monitoring Kenya’s forthcoming General Election. The EU at the same time assured Kenyans that it would not interfere with the electioneering process.

 

November 18 – The battle for Kenya’s presidency officially starts today when NARC’s Mwai Kibaki and KANU’s Uhuru Kenyatta hand in their nomination papers to the Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK).

 

KANU presidential candidate Uhuru Kenyatta cut short his speech yesterday as a group chanting Rainbow slogans threw stones at him. He had stopped at Nairobi’s Kangemi centre.

 

November 19 – Free primary education and the reinstatement of the rule of law will be the immediate priorities of a NARC government. Mwai Kibaki, the party’s flag bearer, assured Kenyans that a NARC government would start implementing programmes to reconstruct the economy in January.

 

The Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) failed to transmit the presentation of nomination papers by opposition presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki. The public funded broadcaster only covered KANU’s candidate Uhuru Kenyatta and later switched back to its normal programmes.

 

November 20 – Only five presidential candidates have been cleared to run for the top seat. They include KANU’s Uhuru kenyatta, NARC’s Mwai Kibaki, Simeon Nyachae of FORD-People, James Orengo of SDP and Waweru Ngethe of Chama cha Uma.

 

Top leaders of NARC face a crucial test in the party’s parliamentary nominations being held today. Challengers have emerged for at least six of the party’s leading lights and the outcome could have far reaching effects on the party.

 

November 21 – NARC leaders were locked in an emergency meeting yesterday after chaos and disruptions engulfed the party’s nominations. In Westlands constituency, supporters of former area MP Fred Gumo stormed polling stations and beat up voters and election officials.

 

FORD-people’s parliamentary and civic nominations kick off today countrywide. The party has opted to use secret ballot in its primaries, according to Sammy Maina, the national organizing secretary.

 

November 22 – Two cabinet ministers and two assistant ministers were among KANU and opposition giants knocked out on the first day of party nominations yesterday. They include water development minister Kipngeno arap Ngeny and Environment minister Isaac Ruto.

 

The Electoral Commission has struck a deal with the police and the Attorney general’s office to enforce the election code of conduct. The three institutions have formed a committee to fight electoral violence, said Commission chairman Samuel Kivuitu yesterday.

 

November 23 – Cabinet Minister Mwangi Githiomi and opposition firebrand Oloo Aringo failed to win their parties’ tickets in the race for parliament yesterday.

 

The Kenya Broadcasting Corporation once again came under severe censure from the Electoral Commission of Kenya and the Kenya Domestic observers Programme (K-DOP). The corporation has been accused of refusing to honour past demands to give equal coverage to political parties and their candidates.

 

November 24 - Violent protests, confusion and nullification of nomination results characterized the third day of party primaries. NARC headquarters, Mwenge House was attacked and its windows shattered by a gang that had gone to demand a nomination certificate for Kasarani nominee William Omondi. At KANU headquarters, Jonathan Moi – president Moi’s son – was among the losers who were petitioning the results.

 

Reforms in the police force, education, the judiciary and the civil service are top on the priority list of the National Rainbow Coalition should it form the next government, the presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki has said.

 

November 25 – Parliamentary and civic candidates will today hand in their nomination papers to respective returning officers. After the controversy ridden four -day party nomination exercise, the focus today shifts from fighting their own parties to the main business of defeating candidates of the rival parties.

 

The Social Democratic Party (SDP) has pledged to rebury the remains of Field Marshall Dedan Kimathi and compensate families of other independence war veterans. The party’s presidential candidate James Orengo yesterday told supporters that NARC leaders posed a worse threat to Kenya’s welfare than KANU.

 

November 26 – The big guns who failed to get nominations from their parties defected swiftly yesterday to get nominated on other parties. They included former Assistant minister Raphael Kitur who defected to FORD-people. Former chairman of Nairobi Stock Exchange Jimnah Mbaru defected to Safina after his nomination by NARC was nullified.

 

Five Mombasa politicians yesterday moved to court to block the selection by party headquarters of Najib Balala and Karisa Maitha as parliamentary candidates. They want NARC to hold nominations in the two constituencies.

 

November 27 – The political platform shifts today from the nominations battle to the campaign trail, with the presidential and parliamentary candidates taking their policies to the people.

 

Former cabinet minister Joseph Kamotho is among four candidates cleared by the Electoral commission to vie fore the Mathioya parliamentary seat in Muranga district. He faces Maina Njakwe of KANU and Charles Kihara of FORD-people.

 

November 28 – Women candidates in the North Rift and parts of Western province performed dismally in both civic and parliamentary nominations. While women’s attempt this year was better than in the 1997 election, only a few managed to go past the primaries.

 

Three children of former minister Stephen Ondiek died in a grisly road accident just hours after helping their father win nomination for Ugenya for the National Rainbow Coalition.

 

November 29 – In a marked departure from previous elections, presidential candidates will this time take part in televised public debate. The five contestants for the top seat will face the audience and answer questions from the floor.

 

Mombasa’s Mvita constituency will provide one of the fiercest battles in Coast province as cabinet minister Sheriff Nassir of KANU fights it out with the former mombasa mayor Najib Balala of NARC among others.

 

November 30 – FORD Kenya has broken an opposition agreement and fielded three parliamentary candidates for seats being contested by the National Rainbow Coalition.

 

Tension gripped Kangundo town yesterday following a newspaper report that cabinet minister Joseph Ngutu had been dropped as the area KANU parliamentary candidate. The Electoral Commision official list of parliamentary candidates confirmed that Ngutu had been replaced by a Nairobi businessman Mike Muya.

 

December 1 – German ambassador Jurgen Weerth has dismissed the just concluded parliamentary and civic nominations as a mockery of democracy. He described as a “fiasco and political blackmail” polls in which some candidates ended up losing to unpopular ones.

 

The political landscape in Baringo Central constituency, represented by president Moi for the past 47 years, is rapidly changing in favour of his son Gideon, who is seeking to succeed him. Those initially opposed to him have suddenly made an about turn and are now supporting his bid.

 

December 2 – Seventy-two former MPs were rejected by their parties in the recently concluded party nominations. KANU had the highest casualty rates with 41members of the outgoing parliament being denied tickets.

 

NARC presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki yesterday told a public rally in Wajir that the Somali community in the North Eastern province would benefit should NARC form the next government. He said NARC would protect Somalis, promising to reward their loyalty with top positions in the government.

 

December 3- The Catholic Church maintained its plea for free and peaceful elections, with special prayers being held in Nairobi yesterday. The prayers were conducted by Nairobi Archbishop Ndingi Mwana Nzeki at the Holy Family Basilica.

 

Thirty-eight political parties have fielded candidates for the forthcoming elections. Unlike past elections when only 18 parties took part, this time round even fringe parties have fielded more than ten candidates each. KANU is leading the pack with 209 aspirants, followed by NARC with 206, while FORD-People has 186.

 

December 4 – NARC presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki was yesterday injured in a multiple car accident in which two people died. Kibaki, 71, was rushed to hospital after the crash at the Machakos turn off on the Mombasa highway.

 

A mechanism for power transfer must be put in place to ensure a smooth transition after the general election, a former ambassador said yesterday. Bethwel Kiplagat said Kenya must avoid a situation where a party that loses refuses to accept defeat.

 

December 5 – Social Democratic Party (SDP) presidential candidate James Orengo said universal primary education would be introduced and cost sharing in hospitals scrapped if his party wins the elections.

 

President Moi’s son Gideon will go in unopposed as MP for Baringo central following the withdrawal of his opponents, the Electoral Commission announced yesterday.

 

December 6 - NARC parliamentary candidates in Rift Valley have vowed to turn the region into an opposition stronghold. The former contestants led by former public works minister Andrew Kiptoon took issue with president Moi’s remarks to the effect that those who vote for the opposition will not have their areas developed.

 

A media liaison centre has been set up by the government to assist journalists during the December 27 General Election. The centre, at the Ministry of foreign affairs public relations department was established yesterday.

 

December 7 – The National Rainbow Coalition yesterday held out an olive branch to president Moi – and offered him a roving role as Africa’s peacemaker if KANU loses the General election. This was said b yesterday by NARC’s summit member Kalonzo Musyoka.

 

KANU’s Uhuru Kenyatta will not give free education to Kenyans if he is elected president but would ensure schooling was affordable, he said yesterday. Kenyatta said it was unrealistic for his rival Kibaki to pledge free education.

 

December 8 – The anti-corruption police unit has formed a crack squad to deal exclusively with electoral corruption in this year’s poll, according to its director Swalleh slim. The squad will arrest those buying voters’ cards and bribing voters.

 

KANU’s campaign in Nairobi intensified on Thursday afternoon when former First lady Mama Ngina Kenyatta held a rally for her son in Langata constituency. The low key rally was held at Joseph Kangethe hall in the backyard of NARC’s Raila odinga.

 

December 9 -  NARC summit member Wamalwa Kijana was yesterday undergoing treatment at the Wellington Hospital in London, where the coalition’s presidential candidate, Mwai Kibaki is already a patient. Wamalwa was taken ill with kidney problems while in the UK capital on Saturday.

 

The Catholic Church will intensify its civic education to ensure that voters make an informed choice during the elections. The chairman of the Kenya Episcopal conference Archbishop John Njue said yesterday the church was determined to ensure unscrupulous politicians did not take advantage of people’s ignorance during the electioneering period.

 

December 10 – Election materials and equipment in transit from Nairobi to Busia were stolen early on Sunday morning. The materials were being ferried to Busia in readiness for the December 27 general election.

 

An opinion poll conducted by the International Republican Institute (IRI) released yesterday gave opposition leader Mwai Kibaki a clear lead with 62.8 per cent of the votes cast. He is followed by KANU’s presidential candidate Uhuru Kenyatta with 21.4 per cent.

 

December 11 – Free education is provided for in law and the next government should implement the legislation, NARC said yesterday. NARC summit member George Saitoti asked KANU presidential candidate Uhuru Kenyatta to stop misleading the public.

 

A rift has emerged in Coast province between police officers and the provincial administration over the control of political meetings. Yesterday senior police officers accused the provincial administration of usurping their role in the control of campaign rallies.

 

December 12 – Fears that the general election might be postponed – because all the ballot papers might not be ready on time – were quickly dispersed yesterday when election chief Samuel Kivuitu moved swiftly to assure Kenyans that the poll will take place on time.

 

President Moi will today preside over the last Independence Day celebrations as head of state. The function will be held at Nyayo National Stadium, Nairobi and will include the usual military parades and other entertainment.

 

December 13 – President Moi yesterday unveiled his retirement plans and said he wanted to become Africa’s peacemaker, as head of a newly created Moi Foundation. The foundation will aim at solving regional conflicts and tackle the plight of children orphaned by Aids.

 

The Electoral Commission is to blame for the delay in printing of ballot papers. Deputy KANU secretary general Dalmas Otieno said the delay was deliberate because the Commission had agreed to change candidates for some parties long after the nomination deadline.

 

December 14 – Opposition leaders Raila Odinga and Simeon Nyachae both declared yesterday they were willing to forgive president Moi for any wrongs he might have committed during his 24-year presidency.

 

KANU has dismissed as a bias an opinion poll carried out last month which, ranked it a poor second to NARC ahead of the general election. Dr Njoroge Mungai, Moi’s personal assistant said the survey was unreliable, misleading and an incorrect representation of the views of most Kenyans.

 

December 15 – NARC presidential candidate Mwai Kibaki yesterday returned home to a joyous welcome by crowds estimated by police at more than 150,000. Mr Kibaki and his running mate Kijana Wamalwa have been receiving treatment in London.

 

Raila Odinga, a member of the NARC summit wants a committee formed to oversee the smooth handover of power as president Moi retires. He said the committee should comprise six members – three from NARC and three from KANU.